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Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in several aspects of the immune response. MIF appears to play important roles in materno-fetal immuno-tolerance during placental establishment, modulation and growth as studied in epitheliochorial porcine and hemochorial human and mouse placentae. Here we studied the bovine placenta being multiplex, villous and synepitheliochorial...
Normal placental development and function is essential for fetal growth of eutherian mammals. Mutational studies have shown that numerous growth factors are required for placental development and differentiation of placental lineages. Here, using a gene-trap mutant mouse line, Crim1 KST264 , we show that Crim1 is essential for murine placental development. Crim1 is a developmentally expressed,...
As human blastocyst-derived extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) invade the early decidua, they are positioned to interact with immune cells and resident decidual cells, and remodel spiral arteries into high capacity vessels that increase blood flow to the developing fetal-placental unit. Shallow EVT invasion elicits incomplete vascular transformation and reduces uteroplacental blood flow that presages...
Members of the transmembrane emp24 domain (Tmed)/p24 family of proteins are required for transport of proteins between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi. One member of this family, Tmed2/p24β1, is expressed during placental development in mice and its expression is required for normal development of the labyrinth layer. Although TMED2 is conserved in humans, little is known about its expression...
To compare the placental characteristics in monochorionic (MC) twin pregnancies with and without birth weight discordance (BWD).We performed a matched case-control study to compare the placental characteristics of MC placentas from pregnancies with BWD (≥25%) (n = 47) with a control group of MC placentas without BWD (n = 47), matched for gestational age at birth. Placental sharing, angioarchitecture...
The concept of a network within the family of adhesion/growth regulatory galectins implies distinct spatio-temporal expression profiles. To test this assumption immunohistochemically for bovine placenta, placentomal (P) and interplacentomal tissues (IP) were collected at a slaughterhouse from the three stages of pregnancy (early gestation = day 30–130; mid gestation = day 130–220; late gestation = day...
As a highly vascularized tissue, the placenta mediates gas and solute exchange between maternal and fetal circulations. In the human placenta, the interface with maternal blood is a unique epithelial structure known as the syncytiotrophoblast. Previously we developed a colloidal-silica based method to generate highly enriched preparations of the apical plasma membrane of the syncytiotrophoblast. Using...
The placenta is a highly vascularized organ thus angiogenesis is a key process in placental development. The contribution that different cells in the villous stroma play in placental angiogenesis is largely unknown. In this study we identified a novel stromal cell type in sections of term placenta which is morphologically fibroblastic and expressing the fibroblast marker TE-7 but also positive for...
Assisted reproductive technologies include in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). It has been shown that embryos derived from ART have higher rates of aneuploidy. Although the majority of ART pregnancies are genetically normal, it is suspected that aneuploid embryos may persist as mosaics and lead to confined placental mosaicism (CPM). Due to the greater risks of...
There is increasing evidence for a role for epigenetic modifications in early life ‘programming’ effects. Altered placental methyl donor transport may impact on the establishment of epigenetic marks in the fetus. This study investigated the effects of prenatal glucocorticoid overexposure on placental methyl donor transport. Glucocorticoids increased folate but decreased choline transport and reduced...
The aim was to determine plasma levels of sFlt-1 and sEng on the arterial and venous side of the uteroplacental circulation in preeclamptic patients and healthy controls.Preeclamptic patients had higher arterial concentrations than controls of sFlt-1 (17,450 vs 5055 pg/ml, p = 0.003) and sEng (68.7 vs 28.7 ng/ml, p = 0.003).In the preclampsia group sFlt-1 was higher in the uterine vein than in the...
The human placenta has a number of protective mechanisms that help to prevent potentially harmful compounds from entering the fetal compartment. Two important transporter proteins are phospho-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) which are mainly expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast where they actively extrude a wide range of xenobiotics. The expression profile of these transporters...
Observational and empirical evidence suggest that the average placental shape is round with a centrally inserted umbilical cord. Yet variability of shape is common. When in pregnancy do shape and cord insertion variations originate?Placental measures from published datasets obtained ultrasonographically at 11–14 weeks and/or at term were correlated.Significant correlations were found between the normalized...
DNA methylation is known to play a critical role in regulating development of placental morphology and physiology. The methylation of genes mediated by glucocorticoid hormones may be particularly vulnerable to intrauterine stress in the placenta. However little is known about DNA methylation of stress-related genes within a healthy placenta, and particularly whether methylation occurs uniformly across...
We performed a matched case–control study to analyze the placental angioarchitecture, in particular the diameter of arterio-arterial (AA) anastomoses in monochorionic placentas from pregnancies with spontaneous twin anemia-polycythemia sequence (TAPS) compared to a control group of uncomplicated monochorionic placentas. Placental angioarchitecture was analyzed using colored dye injection. AA anastomoses...
The stability of reference proteins in semi-quantitative Western blot experiments in normal and diseased placenta has never been studied. This study aims to determine the stability of five reference proteins and two general protein stains in placentas from preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus and matched control pregnancies. The stability of the reference proteins was analysed using indicators...
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